Benefits of Flexibility Development Training Research Paper

Benefits of Flexibility Development Training - Research Paper Example An athlete can only develop his or her flexibility if he or she trains regularly. The primary purpose of training is that it helps the athlete move his or her joint via its complete range of motion. Flexibility is arguably the most highly adaptable fitness that helps the athlete improve his or motion in athletics activities. Past studies show that the more an athlete carries out flexibility programs in the training reduces the incidence of injuries ("Flexibility Exercises for Young Athletes-OrthoInfo - AAOS", 2017). This is due to the increased ability to move unimpeded via a broader range of motion. But it is worth to note that an athlete should not carry out an excessive or unstable range of motion during flexibility programs to avoid the likelihood of getting injured. If an athlete carries out appropriate flexibility training, he or she can become more in tune with his or body. Additionally, it helps an athlete form an active relaxation which can help improve both physical and men tal recovery.

Secondary education Essay Example for Free

Secondary education Essay I am the captain of our School Hockey Team. District Hockey Touranaments are to be organized in Jaipur next month. Several good teams will take part in it. Ours is a very good team. If we get a chance to take part, we may possibly win there. You are, therfore, requested to permit our Hockey Team to participate in the District Hockey Tournaments and make necessary arrange-ments for the same. Thanking you very much for your favour. Yours very obediently, Purshottam Jain Captain 24. 10. 2008 School Hockey Team (2) Write a letter to your mother for winter clothing as the winter is approaching. Boy’s Hostel, D. P. Inter College, Aligarh Dated : 28. 11. 2008. My dear Mother, I am sorry I could not write to you earlier because I was very busy with my half-yearly examination. Now I am free, the examination is over and thank God I have done very well in the examination. Im sure I will get a high rank in the half-yearly examination. There will be biting cold after a few days. Mother, you know that I do not have sufficient woollen clothes. I need a woollen sweater and a woollen coat. They will probably cost a thousand rupees. Please send me this money soon so that I may purchase these clothes from the exhibition next month. Kindly remember me to my brothers and sisters. Your dearest son, Deepak (3) Write a letter to your maternal father asking him to send money to enable you to join an Excursion Party to Kashmir arranged by your college. Old Hostel, D. A. V. Inter College, Kanpur. December 5, 2008 Respected Nanaji, I received your kind letter yesterday. My joy knew no bounds to read about Mamajis marriage. I could not acknowledge it as I was busy in the annual sports of my college. Now I am free from the strain You have asked me my plan during the witner holidays. The students of my college are going on an excursion to Kashmir for a week. I am anxious to go with them as it will teach me a lot besides recration. I have a keen desire to enjoy the natural scenes and spacious lakes of Kashmir, the paradise of India. Ill get an opportunity to see the waterfalls, house-boats and fruit cultivation there. I have to deposit five hundred rupees for the travelling expenses by the 15th of this month. I shall need another five hundred rupees for my personal expenses. I request you, Nanaji, to send me this money in time to join the party. My best regards to Naniji and love to Teenu and Palak. Your loving son, Vishal (4) Write an application to the Principal of your college requesting him to give you a certificate regarding your conduct and character. To, The Principal, Saraswati Inter College, Varanasi. Sir, Respectfully I beg to say that my father has been transferred to Allahabad. As I have to join the D. A. V. Inter College, Allahabad, I need a certificate about my conduct and character. I may inform you that I joined your college in 2002. I have in- variably stood first in my class. Last year I passed the High School examination and my percentage of marks obtained was 72 per cent. I was a member of football eleven last year. I was the Captain of the football team for two years—2005 and 2006. I also won first prize in debate competition last year. Kindly issue me the certificate within four days as we are leaving for Allahabad on 25th July, 2007. Thanking you for the favour, Yours most obediently, Dated 20. 07. 2007 Varun Sarkar XIB. (5) Write a letter to your friend telling him about your daily life. F-105, Kamla Nagar Agra. March 25, 2008. My dear Rajeev, Thank you very much for your sweet letter. I was really expecting it everyday. My qualifying tests are over and my mind is free from strain. Now I am leading a routine life. I get up at 5 o’clock, go to bathroom, brush my teeth, wash my hands and feet. After that I go for a morning walk with a friend of mine, who lives next door to me. At about 7 a. m. , I come back and take tea with a light breakfast. I sit to study for about two hours. At nine I get up to take a bath. Then I take my food, collect my books, put on my clothes and go to school. I return from school at 4. 00 p. m. I take tea and some fruits. After half an hours rest, I go to school play ground for playing hockey. I come back home before sunset. I devote nearly two hours in doing my home-work and preparing my lessons for the following day as also revise my lessons. I finish this by 9. 30. Then I take my dinner with my parents. Sometimes I see T. V. programme. After that I go to bed. On Sundays I wash my clothes and help my mother in one or the other domestic work. My daily routine keeps me physically fit and mentally peaceful. I would advise you to follow a programme of your daily life to achieve pleasure and peace. Your dear friend, Babloo (6) Write a letter to your friend telling him about the television programme you like the most. Also write why you like it. Gaurav Cottage, City Road, Ajmer 12th March, 2008 My dear Sanjay, Received your letter and noted the contents. I am quite well here and hope the same for you. I am studying hard for my examinations and I am sure to do very well in it. In this letter, I am writing to you about the television programme I like the most. My favourite programme is T. V. S. Sa-Re-Ga-Ma. It is telecasted on every Monday at 8 p. m. on Zee Television. It is a programme that helps new singers to show their talent. As you know I am a good singer and singing is my hobby. So I like the programme very much. Convey my respect to your parents and love to Gunjan and Jolly. With best wishes, Yours sincerely, Harish (7) Write a letter to your friend telling him how you celebrated your birthday this year. Akashdeep, Subzi Mandi, Indore. 9th February, 2008. My dear Subhah, I have received no letter from you since 10th January. I invited you to my birthday party which was on 7th February, but neither you came nor sent any letter. Are you angry with me? I had invited all my friends and relatives on my birthday this time. It was arranged at my house. The front lawn was decorated with buntings, balloons, ribbons and multi-coloured bulbs. There was a decent music and dancing programme. Manoj and I sang a few film songs, which were appreciated by all. There were a lot of your favourite dishes. I really missed you very much on that day. Father arranged a Kawwali programme which was liked by all. The artists were delighted with a shower of rose flowers and currency notes. A lot of presents were presented to me. I was very happy to receive them. Convey my resepect to your Mummy and Papa and let me know the cause of your absence per return of post to lessen my worry. With best wishes, Yours truly, Vinod (8) Write a short letter to someone in hospital to cheer him or her up. Prakash Villa,  Sarojini Naidu Road, Bikaner 20th September, 2008. My dear Meena, I was shocked to know that you met with an accident and have been admitted in the hospital. All the girls of our class miss you and pray the Almighty for your speedy recovery. The annual function was held on 10th instant. The Principal awarded you a Medal for your standing first in the class in the Antyakshari Competition held early last month. I received the medal on your behalf and have kept it with my mother. How everybody clapped and cheered when your name was announced! May you recover soon and be with us with best wishes, Yours sincerely, Manju  (9) Write a short letter to a pen friend who lives in a foreign country telling him briefly about youself. F-6, Kabir Nagar, Ghaziabad (U. P. ) India. May 16, 2008 Dear Robert, Hi, My joy knew no bound when I received your letter through pen-friend mail. I am sure you would like to know about me and mine. I am seventeen, studying in XII standard. My optional subjects are Physics, Chemistry and Maths. Hindi and Engilsh are my compulsory subjects. My father is a doctor, child specialist of name and fame in the district. My hobbies are swimming and photography. In my next letter I shall send you some photographs of the members of my family. I have a loving mother, a younger brother and a sister. They both read in Delhi Public School in Class VIII and VI respectively. I shall feel happy to hear soon about you and your family members. With regards to your parents and love to young ones. With best wishes to you. Truly yours, Avinash Goyal (10) Write a letter to your sister advising her to lend a helping hand to ailing mother in household work. Anand Bhawan Chandpole Bazaar, Jaipur 14th August, 2008. My dear Rajni, Received fathers letter and was sorry to know that mother is ill. How is she now please write to me per return of post. I am worried about her very much. She is already weak, lean and thin. See that you yourself do the household work and let not mother share in it. I shall come next week to see her when my monthy tests are over. You are quite grown up now and realize your duty. You can sweep the house, prepare tea and breakfast. Ask Kakiji to come and cook food. You also help her. Please give medicines and milk etc. in time to mother. Convey my regards to Mother, Papa and Kakiji and love to Munmun. With best wishes and love to you. Affectionately yours, Anand (11) Write a letter to your father telilng him about your hostel life. Room No. 5, Hostel Mahendra Public School,  Jodhpur. 15th July, 2008. Respected father, I have not received any letter from you since I left home. It has caused me worry about your welfare. In this letter I am writing you about my hostel life to minimize your worry about me regarding my boarding and lodging. There are twenty-five students in our hostel. There are five rooms and five students live in each room. We have a stool, a table, an armed chair and an almirah for each hosteller. There is satisfactory arrangement of breakfast and meals in the hostel. We take milk and bread slices with butter in breakfast and rice, vegetable, dal and chapati in lunch and dinner. Two special diets are given each month. We play games in the evening. Our hostel provides facility in Tennis and Volleyball. Our warden is very gentle and kind. He keeps an eye on our studies, food and games. I am very happy here. Convey my regards to mother and love to Raju and Palak. With regards Yours loving son, Madhav (12) Write a letter to your uncle thanking him for sending you a gift on your birthday. Kaveri Puram, Nehru Nagar, Agra 24th July, 2008. Respected Uncle, Yesterday I celebrated my birthday with great pomp and show. Every member of the family was present in the party except you. We all missed you very much. I thank you very much for the nice gift of a pen set sent by you on my birthday. Auntie gave it to me and told me about your going to Kanpur or an important piece of work all of a sudden. The colour design and flow of the pen is wonderful. Everybody praised it. I also longed for such a pen set. I thank you once again Uncle, for such a nice and useful gift. Ill shortly come to you when I hear about your return from Kanpur to thank you in person. Your loving nephew, Sachin (13) Write a letter to your father to raise your monthly allowance. Old Hostel, Vidhya Bhawan, Jhansi. 7th September, 2008. Respected Father,  How happy was I when I received your loving letter late last week, in which you advised me to work hard and get a good division in Boards examination. I promise to follow your advice in letter and spirit. These days the prices of everything, edible or non-edible, are rising high and becoming dearer very frequently. The mess charges have been raised by the contractor. The milkman has also increased his rate and so are the fruitsellers donig. It has become very difficult for me to pull on with the monthly allowance you are sending me now. I cannot easily take milk and fruits which are very essential to keep fit and good health. So, I request you to very kindly increase my monthly allowance from rupees four hundred to five hundred. With regards to mother and love to Manju and Neeraj. Your loving son, Pawan (14) Write a letter to your friend Deepak to accompany you in a trip to Goa. 35/A-3, Namak Mandi, Raipur. November 28, 2008. Dear Deepak, How is it that you have not replied my previous letter of the 10th inst. It has developed my curiosity to know about you and yours. The old saying ‘No news is good news’ consoles me and I hope you are perfectly well and happy just as we are here. Here is a happy news for you my chum. Father is taking all of us to Goa during the X-mas holidays. It would double our gaiety if you are also with us. You are quite familiar to our family. Even then I assure of all ease and comforts in our company. I am sure you wont disappoint me. Please remember me to your parents and convey my regards to them. Yours sincerely, Dayal (15) You are Mukund, residing at 5, Civil Lines, Jabalpur. Write a letter to your father requesting him to permit you to go on a college tour to Nepal. 5, Civil Lines, Jabalpur. 22nd October, 2008 Dear father, I received your letter two days back and read the contents with untold pleasure. I am glad you are all well and miss me on all festivities every now and then. You will pat me on my back to know that I have secured 72 per cent marks in my first terminal test. My school is closing for a week on account of Dassehra. Father, this time, I dont intend to come home during the holidays. My college tour is scheduled for Nepal. We shall go under the guardianship of our class teacher and such opportunities are few and far between in life. May I, therefore, request you to permit me to go with my classmates for a change. Arrangements have already been made for our boarding and lodging there. We shall leave Jabalpur on 25. 10. 2008 and shall be back on 31. 10. 2008. I hope you will be pleased to permit me to join the tour and send me Rs. 250/- only. With lots of love. Yours affectionately, Mukund. (16) Write a letter to your younger sister sending her a present on her winning a gold medal in Hop-step-and-Jump in college sports. 129, Lucky Market, Bhopal. December 18, 2008 Dear Chhaya, Tell mother that I am well and have wished you the same. Now that you are in class IX, you can write to me with ease, from time to time, about your well-being and progress. While reading the sports news of our District, my eyes fell on your name. My curiosity arose and I read the news with care. How happy I was when I read of your winning a gold medal in Hop-step-and-Jump in the college sports. I am sending to you a copy of English-Hindi concise dictionary by M. L. Agarwal in this context. Useful as the dictionary is, youll certainly like it and feel proud of possessing a dictionary of this standard. Wishing you repeated such occasions in your life, Your loving brother, Sachin (17) Write a letter of thanks to your friend Ashok Saxena who has sent you congratulations on your success in the examination. 10/2, Manohar Marg, Dehradun. June 9, 2008Ã'Ž My dear Ashok, I am proud of having a friend like you, who has always been encouraging me for marvellous performances in life. I got your letter of the 2nd instant congratulating me on my success in the competitive (C. P. M. T. ) examination. To be very fair, the credit of my success goes to your time-to-time guidance and encouragement. Dear Ashok accept my sincere thanks for your congratulations and remember me to your brothers and sisters. With lots of respects to your parents. Yours sincerely, Anand (18) You are Vinod Khanna, residing at 35, Vivekanand Marg, Panchmarhi, M. P. Your father is out of station. Write a letter to him stating that your mother is ill and he should come back soon. 25, Vivekanand Marg, Panchmarhi April, 6, 2008. My dear father, Your leter of the 21st March, 2008 was received only yesterday. We were all very anxious to know about you. We are glad to learn that you are perfectly well there. My annual examination begins from 14. 04. 2008. I am, therefore, very busy with my books. Unluckily mother is suffering from viral fever these days. She is feeling lonely and uncared for. As a matter of fact she is missing you. I request you to come back home at your earliest convenience to console her. Kindly bring me some good story books if not inconvenient to you. Yours affectionately, Vikas (18) You are Joseph Anand studying in Class X D of Gorkhi Higher Secondary School, Lashkar, Gwalior. Write an application to your Principal for issue of books from the Book-Bank in your school. To, The Principal. Gorkhi Hr. Sec. School, Lashkar, Gwalior. Sir, Most respectfully I beg to submit that I am a student of XD of your school. My father works as a time-keeper in a local factory. He gets a salary of Rs. 800/- per month only as is evident from his employers certificate attached herewith. He is thus unable to buy me all necessary books. I, therefore, request you to issue me some books from the school Book-bank. I promise to keep them with great care and return the same after my annual examination. Thanking you ever so much. Yours obediently, Dated 25th July, 2008 Joseph Anand XD. (19) You are Abdul Majid, a student of class X, Saraswati Higher Secondary School, Morena. Write an application to your principal for re-admission. To, The Principal, Saraswati Hr. Sec. School, Morena Respected Sir, I beg to say that I am a student of Class X of your school. My name is Abdul Majid. My father works in Gwalior Cotton Mill, Gwalior. He did not get his salary on due date as the workers were on strike. Hence I failed to deposit my school fees in time. And as such my name has been struck off. Now I am ready to deposit my old dues. Kindly permit me for re-admission and oblige. Hoping to be obliged. Your most obediently, Dated 05. 12. 2008. Abdul Majid. (20) Write an application to the Secretary, Board of Secondary Education, Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal requesting him to issue you a duplicate copy of your mark-sheet. Give full details of your original mark-sheet. To, The Secretary. Board of Secondary Education, Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal. Respected Sir, I am very sorry to inform you that I have lost my mark sheet during my railway journey in which someone stole my attache. I need it very badly for my admission in B. Sc. Part I. I will fail to secure my admission in case I fail to submit the mark-sheet of the Intermediate Exam. by the 25th of this month. As such I very humbly request your goodself for an early compliance. The relevant details are given below— Name — Manoj Kumar Goel Fathers Name — Shri Yogendra Kumar Goel Year of Exam. — 2006 Roll No. — 81630 Name of Centre — Govt. Hr. Sec. School, Bilaspur Postal orders for Rs. 25/- are enclosed herewith. Thanking you for the favour. Yours faithfully, Encl. : Postal orders Manoj Kumar Goel Dated : June 6, 2008 10/18, Civil Lines, Bilaspur. (21) Write an application to the Principal, Scindhia School, Gwalior, requesting him to grant permission for a friendly hockey match. To, The Principal, Scindhia School, Gwalior. Sir, We, the players of the hockey team of this school, beg to say that we desire to play a friendly match against the hockey team of Gorkhi Higher Secondary School, Lashkar on Wednesday, November 24, 2008. The match will begin at 3. 30 p. m. sharp on our playground. You are requested to grant your permission for the same and oblige. We would further request you to ask our Games Superintendent to make necessary arrangement for the match. Thanking you for the favour. Yours obediently, Raj Mohan Kalra Dated 22-11-2008 Captain, Hockey Team. (22) Write an application to your Principal requesting for refund of your caution money. To The Principal, Holy Public Hr. Sec. School, Ujjain Respected Madam, Respectfully I beg to state that this year I have passed the High School Examination from this school. It will not be possible for me to continue my study here, since my father has been transferred to Indore. May I, therefore, request you to very kindly instruct your office to refund my caution money amounting to Rs. 100/- and oblige. Thanking you in advance, I am, Yours obediently, July 4, 2008 Shalini Yadav (23) You have passed the S. S. C. Examination. You went to Delhi to get admission in a college there. Write a letter to your father apprising him how you got the admission and also about your stay in the hostel. Place Date My dear father, I understand that you are eagerly waiting for a letter from me. I am happy to inform you that I got admission to the college yesterday. There was no difficulty about the admission. The Principal and two profsessors interviewed me. They were very kind and understanding. I am admitted to the Science group. I joined the college hostel yesterday itself. The hostel is a very good one. I have another boy in my room. He is the son of a doctor in Allahabad. He is very friendly. I dont need any more money. Please tell mother that I shall look after myself very well. Yours affectionately, Signature .. Name . (24) Write a letter to your friend, describing your experience in the Exam. Hall. Place Date Dear Arjun, At last my examination is over. I am awfully tired and I really need a holiday. Before I go for a holiday, let me tell you some of my experiences in the examination hall. I felt very nervous on the first day, when I was waiting outside with the other students for the doors to open. Most of them were talking and laughing. I felt so anxious that I could not speak to anyone. At last the doors were opened and we all crowded in and searched for our seats. We settled down in our places and waited anxiously for the papers. When I got the English question paper, I felt I could not answer a single question. However, when I read the questions more carefully, I learnt that I could answer most of the questions. I did not have much difficulty with Physics and Chemistry. But Mathematics was difficult. The supervisors were very strict and so there was no chance for any mal-practice. One boy was caught for copying and was expelled. Now that my examination is over, I am going for a holiday. I hope for a good result. Yours sincerely, Signature (25) Your father has just bought a new cycle for you. Write a letter to your cousin informing him about it and the first ride you had. Place .. Date My dear Shyam, You will be glad to know that my long felt desire of buying a bicycle has been fulfilled. How happy I was when my father bought it home in the evening! I could hardly wait anyone to see it. I snatched it from my father and found myself immediately on the roads. With a jump I was on it and felt like a bird in the air. It took me only a few minutes to have a round of Gandhi Square and to reach back home. I wish you were here to share my joys. Yours lovingly, Name (26) Write a letter to your friend writing about his faults and also about the good points of his character. Examination Hall,  Delhi. March 20, 2008 My dear Satish, I am in receipt of your letter dated March 14, 2008. I was surprised to read that you want me to give my free opinion about you. Ordinarily, I would think twice before speaking on such matters because few people like to hear the truth. In your case, however, I have no hesitation because I know you thoroughly well. You have certain quailities of head and heart. You are very intelligent indeed. In fact, a less intelligent person would never have asked others to bring out his virtues and defects. You have consistently improved upon your capacity to listen. Now you can be trusted with giving others a patient-hearing. You may at times lose patience under great provocation but certainly you are not liable to lose your nerves. Your ideas on friendship are no doubt high. You are worthy of being called a friend in need. Another point which goes in your favour is that you are very hard working. You are kind and generous by nature and cannot tolerate injustice being done to anybody. You are not liable to be led away by personal prejudices. You cannot, I am sure, be bribed. In fact, you have right qualities which a prospective candidate for I. A. S. should possess. In spite of this there is a great drawback in you which alone can mar all your qualities. You are very emotional and liable to be swayed away by pity. Sometimes this creates in you a sense of quality and you cannot decide matters forthwith. Remember you restless you were when you caught a pickpocket red-handed but were about to leave him after patiently hearing from him the misery with which his children would face in his absence. In similar cases your sympathies may be misplaced and you, in spite of yourself, fail to do justice. Well, you know everybody has some fault or the other in spite of his virtues. But it is only the wise who go in for heart-searching. That in itself is a great quality. I have given my free opinion about you. Write to me how do you feel after reading it ? How are your mother and father? Please convey my best regards to them. Yours sincerely, Surendra, (27) Write a letter to your father informing him of your success in winning a prize at a debate. 216, Chandni Chowk, Delhi. February 26, 2008 My dear father, You will be very glad to know that this years top prize for the best debator has come to me. It is a silver trophy beautifully cast and the name of the school is engraved on it. The debate was on ‘Inter-school’ level. Three other boys from different schools took part in it. The topic of discussion was ‘Whether Municipalisation of Secondary School Education would be Beneficial. ’ All the three boys spoke in favour of it. They said that municipali-sation of secondary education was the only way to bring about reforms in the system of education. According to them, it was proper to pass over secondary education to Municipal authorities to enable them to correlate the primary and secondary education. This would, they argued, channelise education from primary stage to higher secondary stage in one  single stream which will make for uniform progress. Their argument convinced many. My teachers felt restless when I stood up to speak. I started with a feeble voice but soon it became forceful. I smashed their arguments by saying whether my friends, in order to channelise education in one stream, would like to municipalise college education as well ? My arguments went home and the audience seemed convinced. I was highly applauded. My rivals were silent and I was declared the winner. I was later told by my teacher that the manner of my speech was forceful as were my arguments. The boys and teachers of my school were very happy because I had brought honour to them. The function ended happily. How is mother ? I wish you were here these fine days. Love to Kuckoo. Yours affectionately, Rishi (28) Write a letter to your old teacher, giving impressions of your new school and teachers. Moti Ganj, Hathras. July, 24, 2008. Respected Sahniji, I reached my new place of study on Saturday last. Today is Tuesday. Within three days I have learnt a lot about school boys and teachers here, and I am writting this letter to give young a gist of my experience. Ordinarily it would be difficult to form an opinion about others within such a short time. But the saying that coming events cast their shadows before time is correct, I think I will never have to change my opinion. The moment I reached my school and sent word to the Principal, boys came rushing to receive me. They seemed happy to find a new addition in the rolls of the school. Many of them put different questions in a single breath asking my name, class, name of the previous school and my parents. They took me by the arm and conducted me to the Principals room. The Principal offered me a seat. I gave him the letter of recommendation from you. He praised you very much and assured me that a teacher of your standing would never write a letter of recommendation in undeserving cases. Therefore, he said, I was welcome to the school. He then introduced me to my class teacher. He gave me a test. The manner of his asking questions from me was so sweet that replying to him was a matter of joy for me. His treatment showed that I was not at all a stranger to him. I have been granted admission to Xth class and I have started my studies in the right earnest from the beginning. Though I feel quite comfortable here, yet I miss you very much. I hope to see you during the Dussehra holidays to relate more experiences. Meanwhile I remain, Sir, Yours obediently, Rohit Moni (29) Suppose you are a foreigner touring India. Write a letter home to some member of your family giving him or her your impressions of the country. Tip Top Hotel, Generalganj, Kanpur. December 24, 2008 My dear Alice, I hope you have received my previous letter by now. During these days, I have been visiting one place after another. In my last letter I told you that I was leaving Mumbai for Varanasi. I reached Varanasi early in the morning of Tuesday last. There beautiful ‘ghats’ or the banks of the Ganga are a scene of great activity for the Hindus in the morning. The river flows so charmingly at a distance from the big shrines. There is neither the swiftness nor the shapelessness of the rivers here as in England. I saw the Taj yesterday on a moonlight night. You will not believe me how enchanting the Taj is. It is all white marble and the layout of the gardens around it adds to its magnificence. In the morning today I flew to Bhakra Nangal. It is a very high dam and matchless in the history of Asia. It is a great feat of engineer-ing skill. Wherever I went I found the people busy in their work. At Varanasi, I saw a class of people called here ‘Brahmins’ who sit on the river banks and invoke blessings of gods and goddesses in favour of their visitors. Quite a number of them do not look like genuine priests. In this country people are very hospitable. This I found during my visit to Bhakra. The sturdy peasants of this region called the Punjab actually surrounded me and expressed their joy at meeting me by performing a dance called ‘Bhangra’. It is such a carefree exercise of the linbs that the like of which I have never seen in any other part of the world. The country, as a whole, has changed a lot. I saw progress in every field of activity. Many new industries have sprung up. I was told that India was now capable to participating in space race. There is still another point. Wherever I went, I found people desirous of peaceful progress. There is no effort at making false claims and creating mischief. It is really a socialist society which Indians were labouring hard to raise out of the ruins of the past. I feel my visit to this country has paid me well. I wish you were able to accompany me. Your loving brother, Manik Chand Jain  (30) Write a letter to your father telling him about your new friend. Describe what you have liked about him. Prakash Villa, Brahmnal, Varanasi. April 20, 2008. My dear father, I apologise I could not write to you earlier. It was not that I was busy in my studies. It was just for very interesting thing. Only a fortnight ago, a new boy named Mahendra Yadav joined our school in my class. He was given a seat beside me. At first sight I did not like him but his habits have endeared him to me and to many other boys so much that on the first Saturday we all went out for a picnic to a nearby village and passed our Saturday holiday on his initiative. Mahendra is almost of my age and complexion. He is very good at studies. Because he sits with me in the classroom, we have become fast friends. The most lovable thing in Mahendras character is his quality of leadership. He has not been here for more than a mere fortnight and he is already being tipped for leadership of our class. During this period he has organised on two occasions outings and managed the whole show single handedly. Few boys can compare with him. The teachers are also very impressed by him. You would be glad to know that I have already invited him to accompany me during the summer vacations. I am sure you would be glad to meet him. Please convey my respects to dear mother. Your loving son, Atul (31) Your friend is poor but good at studies. He is thinking of leaving the school. Write a letter advising him not to take this step and promising help to him. Raniwala Ghera Aligarh. September 18, 2008 My dear Raghubir, I am in receipt of your letter and beileve me, the contents of it shocked me.

planet x :: essays research papers

Did you know that PLANET X will pass through our solar system again in 2003 after approximately 3660 years of absence on its regular orbit? Like most people you probably do not know this. The knowledge has been kept away from the public for several reasons, one of which is to avoid causing panic among the world's population. #1 question -- Will you be in a safe area? Will you be ready or do you care for your loved ones lives? We live in a binary system. Our suns dark twin lies toward the Orion galaxy. Planet X is a rogue planet or brown dwarf star. X's orbit takes it back and forth between both suns. It takes approximately 3660 years for one orbit. X being a brown dwarf is very dense compared to a normal planet its same size. It's gravitational and magnetic pull on the planets it passes is so strong it disrupts their surfaces. The molten liquid mainly iron ore core of Earth aligns quickly to X as it passes. The crust or surface resists somewhat. Earths crust separates with its liquid core and causes a physical pole shift. The new poles end up in completely different areas of the globe. Mega world wide earthquakes, hurricanes and tidal waves result in a changed world. Water is the most dangerous part of the situation. Known earthquake zones where the plates meet will let loose. Land masses will rise and fall. The archeological evidence of this happening on a regular basis to Earth coinciding to X's orbit is overwhelming. There is also clear evidence translated from several ancient cultures that give detailed references to Planet X and all of our planets in our immediate solar system. The controllers of Earths economies and media are fully aware, prepared enough for themselves only and not allowing this out through the major media. A collapse of the stock and financial markets along with panic would issue if they did. You've no doubt read the intuitive that have delicately been trying to warn the masses. I give you all the facts and reasons behind the events in a very indelicate, open, honest straight forward manner. The media boys have already cried wolf with Y2k and a simple planetary alignment that never caused any disruptions before. Now the wolf of Planet X is at our door and you are getting the silent treatment. planet x :: essays research papers Did you know that PLANET X will pass through our solar system again in 2003 after approximately 3660 years of absence on its regular orbit? Like most people you probably do not know this. The knowledge has been kept away from the public for several reasons, one of which is to avoid causing panic among the world's population. #1 question -- Will you be in a safe area? Will you be ready or do you care for your loved ones lives? We live in a binary system. Our suns dark twin lies toward the Orion galaxy. Planet X is a rogue planet or brown dwarf star. X's orbit takes it back and forth between both suns. It takes approximately 3660 years for one orbit. X being a brown dwarf is very dense compared to a normal planet its same size. It's gravitational and magnetic pull on the planets it passes is so strong it disrupts their surfaces. The molten liquid mainly iron ore core of Earth aligns quickly to X as it passes. The crust or surface resists somewhat. Earths crust separates with its liquid core and causes a physical pole shift. The new poles end up in completely different areas of the globe. Mega world wide earthquakes, hurricanes and tidal waves result in a changed world. Water is the most dangerous part of the situation. Known earthquake zones where the plates meet will let loose. Land masses will rise and fall. The archeological evidence of this happening on a regular basis to Earth coinciding to X's orbit is overwhelming. There is also clear evidence translated from several ancient cultures that give detailed references to Planet X and all of our planets in our immediate solar system. The controllers of Earths economies and media are fully aware, prepared enough for themselves only and not allowing this out through the major media. A collapse of the stock and financial markets along with panic would issue if they did. You've no doubt read the intuitive that have delicately been trying to warn the masses. I give you all the facts and reasons behind the events in a very indelicate, open, honest straight forward manner. The media boys have already cried wolf with Y2k and a simple planetary alignment that never caused any disruptions before. Now the wolf of Planet X is at our door and you are getting the silent treatment.

The Collection of Intelligence Information in the Current World

â€Å"So much information is now available on the Internet (even if some of it is inaccurate) that intelligence collection in the traditional sense is now no longer necessary†. Do you agree? What kinds of information might or might not be available? As a decision-maker would you agree to give up intelligence sources? Introduction Governments â€Å"run â€Å" on information. They need to be constantly aware of what is occurring around them, and how this could affect their interests, in order to take the right decisions at the right time.However not all the information they need is publicly available, which is why intelligence agencies were created with the objective of collecting, analysing and using confidential information, obtained secretly, to advise decision-makers. The collection process takes place after certain tasks have been assigned by the decision-makers, and consists of acquiring the necessary information which will then be treated at a later stage of the intelli gence cycle.Traditionally, the collecting process of such agencies comes from either human intelligence, meaning information directly transmitted from a trustworthy person to an intelligence officer, or technical intelligence, which uses technology and machines to obtain this information. Today, however, the collection process of all information-seeking organizations has been transformed with the Internet. It is the largest, fastest-expanding source of information worldwide, where anybody on any point of the globe can post or have access to information.The impact of the Internet on Intelligence agencies is undoubtable, and it has become a major component of open-source intelligence (OSINT, the process of acquiring information from public sources to be treated and put in use for intelligence purposes). It provides information which is cheaper, more accessible, more timely and easier to disseminate in a shorter time. This has lead some people to believe that: â€Å"So much informatio n is now available on the Internet (even if some of it is inaccurate) that intelligence collection in the traditional sense is now no onger necessary†. Has the Internet revolutionized the information collection process to the point of making the traditional methods obsolete? In this paper, I will defend the view that it has not, thus disagreeing with the statement above[1]. I will discuss that information available on the Internet is no replacement to information collected in the traditional sense, both theoretically (I) and in practice (II), even though it is a useful instrument which can also be used to guide decision-makers (III).I) The theoretical distinction between information available on the Internet and traditional intelligence collection In 2005, General Michael Hayden, from the US Open Source Centre, stated that â€Å"just because information is stolen, it does not make it better†[2]. This is true, however, what if the information was â€Å"stolen† bec ause it was not available anywhere else? One must not confuse the terms information and intelligence. Information is made up of the facts agencies seek; intelligence is the process of acquiring and making use of confidential information which responds to the government's interests.Of course, if this information was available on the Internet, no rational organization would prefer to spend more money, more resources and a greater effort on high-risk operations, which is what information collection implies in the intelligence domain. The problem is that the information intelligence agencies seek is voluntarily hidden by the entity that controls it, which is why it is confidential, and for obvious reasons not posted on the Internet. Moreover, the more people that have a piece of information, the harder it is to have control over it, which incites organizations detaining information to keep it to themselves.By definition, intelligence information is therefore unavailable elsewhere. Conse quently, the information on the Internet has a different content to information coming from intelligence, hence it cannot replace it. Furthermore, the definition of intelligence does not only regard the content of the information, it also concerns how the information is collected. According to David Chuter’s definition, intelligence means that the entity from which information is obtained does not want you to have it, and does not realize you have acquired it.On the contrary, the person posting information on the Internet wants you to have access to it and is aware anybody could acquire it. [3] Therefore, in both aspects of the definition of intelligence, there is a clear distinction between information coming from intelligence and from the Internet, and because of their difference in nature, one cannot replace the other. However, in practice, this theoretical distinction is blurred due to the fact that anybody can post on the Internet, including holders of confidential infor mation.They could, for example, want to harm the person or organization they work for by making such information public through the Internet. II) In practice, the Internet is no replacement to traditional information collection The Commandant of the Marine Corps in 1988, General Alfred Gray Jr. , said that â€Å"most of the intelligence which needs to be known could be obtained via open-source information†[4], which the Internet is a major source of. Undoubtedly, with the huge amount of information available on the Internet, this must be true.There are examples of confidential information been publicly made available through the internet, such as the major Wikileaks information release on confidential subjects- the war in Afghanistan and in Iraq, amongst others. We could then ask ourselves: what if confidential information has been canalized through the Internet and we no longer need intelligence to retrieve it? The information intelligence agencies search for must be importa nt and useful, or it would be irrelevant to the governments that need it. This means it must go through numerous filters and a high discrimination process.The Internet, while it may provide useful facts, has such an enormous amount of information that it impedes this selection process from being efficient. John McLaughlin, a former deputy CIA director, says â€Å"In the Cold War, we struggled to get data. Today, the problem is that there is too much data–more than we can handle. â€Å"[5] This can result in an information overload, meaning huge amounts of time and effort to be used to scan the information and select which is actually important. The difficulties in collecting information from the Internet go further than the quantitative issue.Because the information available on the Internet is what the person publishing it wants others to see, it can be dangerous because depending on this person's interests the information could be contradictory, misleading or even false, hampering the whole intelligence cycle. To avoid this, and as with any information collection, the source must be considered trustworthy, and this is always a difficult matter. On the Internet it is even more so: information is often anonymous, and meta-data (such as the circumstances surrounding the piece of information or the motivations of the person providing it) is extremely limited.Just like Jorge Luis Borges illustrates in his short story The Library of Babel, if one cannot tell what is true from what is false, the information is useless. Consequently, further sources are needed to prove the truthfulness of information and avoid being mislead. This means returning to traditional intelligence collection methods, in which case the Internet cannot be considered a source of information in itself. It can be seen, however, as inspiration for a further investigation.Moreover, the immensity of information available on the Internet incites certain types of behaviour in the information collectors, linked to their subjectiveness, that are also counter-productive for information collection. Political pressure is a potential source of error because it encourages agents to search in a certain direction, which the Internet, with its near-infinite information, is sure to justify. Firstly, it must be noted that not all information an agency looks for is necessarily available, however, the large amounts of information available on the Internet encourage people to believe such information exists.Secondly, misleading sources can exaggerate and create non-existent threats, which is sometimes what intelligence agencies are looking for in order to justify their utility. Thirdly, it is part of human behaviour to struggle to admit you are wrong, especially after investing effort in trying to prove the opposite. Once again, of all the information available on the Internet, that which proves you are in the right direction is likely to be picked, and the rest avoided, encouraging wish-fulfilment behaviour and confirmation bias.With these practical issues concerning information collected from the Internet, it can therefore be considered dangerous for it to be considered a source of information in itself. Nevertheless, it should not altogether be denied a role in information collection. The usefulness of the Internet and its place in the decision-making process If not a trustworthy source by itself, the Internet certainly contributes to a better information collection. Firstly, it directly facilitates the collection of open-source information which is then used for intelligence purposes.Such is the case, for example, with radio or television broadcasts which are now available online. In this example, it means monitors no longer have to be near the broadcast source, nor is complex equipment needed (antennas†¦ ) to obtain these broadcasts. [6] The Internet has an incredible logistical advantage, providing cheaper sources in real time all around the globe. O pen-source information is useful in providing complementary information to the confidential one. It helps determine the context and the circumstances in which the information is transmitted; it serves to â€Å"fill in the gaps†.This is essential, seen as a piece of information taken out of context makes no sense or cannot be used efficiently. Intelligence failures often come from an inability to understand â€Å"the bigger picture† or the general context of a given situation. For example, during the Vietnam war, the strategic concept of the conflict was misunderstood: the US believed it was mainly a Soviet-Chinese supported conflict and ignored the major influence of Vietnamese communists and nationalists. Moreover, information coming from he Internet is in real-time, so it can help those who collect the information assimilate new situations which arise from social or economic change for instance, and to do so quickly. It is therefore important source of collateral inf ormation, which enhances traditional information collection and enables it to be understood and interpreted. From a decision-maker's point of view, most confidential information is not available on the Internet (despite some examples which today are still very limited), which signifies traditional intelligence sources of information can by no means be given up on.The Internet is however an essential tool which must be integrated in the collection process, and in the other stages of the intelligence cycle, in order for the information provided to be pertinent. It can also serve as inspiration for further investigation, as long as its potential dangers are understood, for it is easy for decision-makers, who are under political power, to get carried away by misleading available on the Internet. Conclusion In summary, on one hand, most of the information available on the Internet is not the one which interests intelligence services because they seek mainly confidential information.On th e other hand, some of the information on the Internet hampers information collection because it can be misleading, contradictory, or even false and can lead to counter-productive behaviour from the intelligence agents. Consequently, the information available is not always the one intelligence services are looking for. In addition, there is a theoretical distinction linked to the fact information coming from intelligence must be unavailable elsewhere, which means information from the Internet cannot replace traditional intelligence.This does not imply the Internet should be avoided by intelligence services, on the contrary, it can provide essential information in complement to that obtained by intelligence services. It simply means the dangers of the Internet should be kept in the mind of decision-makers who must find the balance between these two sources of information. ———————– [1] Only the collection stage of the intelligence cycle will be discussed concerning the impact of the Internet, as this is what the statement points to. [2]http://www. usnews. om/news/national/articles/2008/09/12/spy-agencies-turn-to-newspapers-npr-and-wikipedia-for-information. [3]According to this definition, open-source intelligence is not a actually a source of intelligence, the concept open-source information in use for intelligence purposes is therefore more appropriate. [4]†Global Intelligence Challenges in the 1990's†, American Intelligence Journal (Winter 1989–1990) [5] http://www. usnews. com/usnews/news/articles/061103/3dni. analysts. htm [6]https://www. cia. gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/vol48no3/article05. html

Interaction and Communication Essay

1.1: Explain how different forms of dementia may affect the way an individual communicates: Forms of dementia are all different therefore the individuals will be affected in different ways when it comes to communication, for example; one individual may find it difficult to express their words where as another individual may speak more fluently but their sentences not make any sense. The individual depending on what type of dementia and how far into the stage they are may find other ways communicating such as; using body language, facial expressions, gestures, eye contact and tone of voice. Read more:  Explain How Individuals With Dementia May Communicate Through Their Behaviour 1.2: Explain how physical and mental health factors may need to be considered when communicating with an individual who has dementia: Physical and mental health factors will also need to be considered when communicating with someone who has dementia, for example somebody who is deaf and has hearing aids will need to make sure that the carer has put the hearing aids in correctly, that they are switched on and turned right up. The carer will also need to speak in a loud and clear tone of voice to able the individual to communicate more easily. The carer will need to make sure the individual has their glasses on if they wear any so that the carer can keep direct eye contact with the individual so the communication is better. For physical health factors the carer will need to consider that the individuals may be in pain or have discomfort which will more than likely affect their communication. 1.3: Describe how to support different communication abilities and needs of an individual with dementia who has a sensory impairment: People with dementia may need extra support with different types of communication abilities when it comes to sensory impairment, for example; Vision: People with dementia may experience several changes in visual abilities, for example they may lose their ability to grasp visual images although there is nothing physically wrong with their eyes. People with dementia may no longer be able to understand what they see exactly due to changes in their brain. The carer could support the individual by; Marking the edges of steps with brightly coloured strips of tape. Place brightly coloured signs or simple pictures on important rooms such as the bathroom for easier identification. Smell: A loss or decrease in smell usually occurs with people with dementia. The carer could support the individual by; Having good quality smoke alarms and to check them frequently as the individual may not smell the smoke. Also keep the fridges clean and tidy. Touch: People with dementia may suffer from loss of touch and may not be able to tell someone when something is too hot or too cold or even when they are in pain or discomfort. The carer could support the individual by; Adjusting the water heaters to the correct temperature so it isn’t possible to scald anyone. Colour coding the water taps; blue for cold, red for hot. Placing signs on electricals and to have supervision with the individual when  they need to use them. Removing furniture that is hazardous or putting cushions on the corners to keep them padded. Taste: People with dementia may lose taste sensitivity which could lead them to putting anything and everything in their mouths, also it could stop them from wanting to eat. The carer could support the individual by; Remove/lock up medicine cabinet items such as tooth paste, hairspray, body washes/soaps. To have a child proof lock on the fridge if necessary. Keep items such as salt, sugar or spices away from reach in case of the resident eating too much of it. Hearing: People with dementia may have normal hearing but may struggle with understanding what someone is trying to say. This may result in confusion or over-stimulation. The carer could support the individual by; Avoiding loud noises in the home such as the radio or TV being too loud. Avoid large gatherings in the home if the person with dementia shows signs of agitation or distress in crowds. 1.4: Describe the impact the behaviours of carers and others may have on an individual with dementia: People with dementia can display certain behaviours which can be seen by others as inappropriate or unacceptable such as shouting, excessive screaming, insultive and inappropriate touching. What the carers and other should see this as is this is part of the individual’s dementia and handled in a polite manner, this isn’t the individual’s personal behaviour it is part of their condition. Shouting at a dementia resident because they are screaming will just make the  resident worse as it can cause further distress and confusion to them. By not paying attention to the resident when they make a request can leave the resident feeling like a burden to the system. Somebody with dementia could forget when they need the toilet or even where the toilet is and with a carer or others blaming the individual for continence issues this can make the individual feel sad and ashamed. Carers however should encourage and reassure the individuals. People with dementia should also be encouraged to take part in their daily routines if they are able to do so as this will help the individual to feel useful and helpful and involved. Carers who do everything and don’t allow the residents to get involved can leave the residents feeling useless and like a burden too. Be able to use positive interaction approaches with individuals’ with dementia: 4.1: Explain the difference between reality orientation approach to interactions and a validation approach: Reality orientation and validation approaches are quite different as reality orientation is all about here and now, meaning the time of day, where they are and what they are doing, where as the validation approach is when the carer would accept and take on board what the individual is saying but to not correct them when they are wrong as in the approach the carer is focusing more on the indivdual’s feelings rather that the content of speech. References: Websites: www.caringnews.com www.fightdementia.org.au

20 Great Similes from Literature to Inspire You

20 Great Similes from Literature to Inspire You 20 Great Similes from Literature to Inspire You 20 Great Similes from Literature to Inspire You By Mark Nichol Similes, metaphors, and analogies are turns of phrase that help readers conjure images in a narrative, whether in fiction or nonfiction, but it is in the latter form that they bloom more profusely. And what’s the difference between each of the three literary devices? A simile is a comparison between one thing and another. If you refer to a figure of speech blooming like a flower on a page, you have created a simile. If you more directly say that the figure of speech bloomed before your eyes, you have employed a metaphor. An analogy is a more practical, didactic description: â€Å"Imagine that the figure of speech is like a flower blooming on the page.† Analogy is more common in nonfiction, but simile and metaphor are found there as well. Strive to create engaging similes and metaphors, but insert them in the service of your prose, as stars in the sky, not entire moons. They are foot soldiers, not field officers, in your campaign to inform and/or interest your readers. They are chorus members, not ingenues; extras, not stars. They are OK, enough with the metaphors, already. But before I share with you 20 top similes from great literature, I offer a few tips, like lanterns that serve to light your way: They should be simple and clear: The ones you will read below are literally outstanding, but they’re also removed from their context, where they are mere flowers in fertile fields of great writing. Similes and metaphors should be useful, concise, and then perhaps memorable as well, in that order. And if the task of creating one becomes toil, you’re trying too hard, and your exertions will show. They should stir, but they shouldn’t be mixed: When you adopt a specific theme, stick with it. A mixed metaphor is a missed opportunity, and a distraction rather than a delight. They should be original: If a simile or metaphor doesn’t rise head and shoulders above a more functional description, it won’t fly. Make sure the imagery is worth the effort of creating it. They should entertain: A simile or metaphor, to return to a previously employed metaphor, is like an actor with a bit part who utters a single line, but that line should be trenchant or ticklesome. They should be visually arresting: Similes and metaphors are intended to paint a picture for the reader in order to endow a person, place, or thing with resonance. Herewith, lessons in incandescent imagery: 1. â€Å". . . she tried to get rid of the kitten which had scrambled up her back and stuck like a burr just out of reach.† Little Women, by Louisa May Alcott 2. â€Å"Time has not stood still. It has washed over me, washed me away, as if I’m nothing more than a woman of sand, left by a careless child too near the water.† The Handmaid’s Tale, by Margaret Atwood 3. â€Å"Her romantic mind was like the tiny boxes, one within the other, that come from the puzzling East . . .† Peter Pan, by J. M. Barrie. 4. â€Å". . . and snow lay here and there in patches in the hollow of the banks, like a ladys gloves forgotten.† Lorna Doone: A Romance of Exmoor, by R. D. Blackmore 5. â€Å"I would have given anything for the power to soothe her frail soul, tormenting itself in its invincible ignorance like a small bird beating about the cruel wires of a cage.† Lord Jim, by Joseph Conrad 6. â€Å"In the eastern sky there was a yellow patch like a rug laid for the feet of the coming sun . . .† The Red Badge of Courage, by Stephen Crane 7. â€Å". . . when I laid down the paper, I was aware of a flash rush flow I do not know what to call it no word I can find is satisfactorily descriptive in which I seemed to see that bedroom passing through my room, like a picture impossibly painted on a running river. To Be Taken with a Grain of Salt, by Charles Dickens 8. â€Å". . . utterly absorbed by the curious experience that still clung to him like a garment.† Magnificent Obsession, by Lloyd C. Douglas 9. â€Å"She entered with ungainly struggle like some huge awkward chicken, torn, squawking, out of its coop.† The Adventure of the Three Gables, by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle 10. â€Å"He looks like right after the maul hits the steer and it no longer alive and don’t yet know that it is dead.† As I Lay Dying, by William Faulkner 11. â€Å"Past him, ten feet from his front wheels, flung the Seattle Express like a flying volcano.† Arrowsmith, by Sinclair Lewis 12. â€Å"Her father had inherited that temper; and at times, like antelope fleeing before fire on the slope, his people fled from his red rages.† Riders of the Purple Sage, by Zane Grey 13. â€Å"The very mystery of him excited her curiosity like a door that had neither lock nor key.† Gone with the Wind, by Margaret Mitchell 14. â€Å"Elderly American ladies leaning on their canes listed toward me like towers of Pisa.† Lolita, by Vladimir Nabokov 15. â€Å"Camperdown, Copenhagen, Trafalgar these names thunder in memory like the booming of great guns.† Mutiny on the Bounty, by Charles Nordhoff and James Norman Hall 16. â€Å"It was Franà §oise, motionless and erect, framed in the small doorway of the corridor like the statue of a saint in its niche.† Swann’s Way, by Marcel Proust 17. â€Å"The water made a sound like kittens lapping.† The Yearling, by Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings 18. â€Å"Kate inched over her own thoughts like a measuring worm.† East of Eden, by John Steinbeck 19. â€Å"He swung a great scimitar, before which Spaniards went down like wheat to the reaper’s sickle.† The Sea-Hawk, by Rafael Sabatini 20. â€Å". . . impressions poured in upon her of those two men, and to follow her thought was like following a voice which speaks too quickly to be taken down by ones pencil . . .† To the Lighthouse, by Virginia Woolf Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Bare or Bear With Me?Among vs. AmongstWhile vs. Whilst

Federal and State Court Structures and Jurisdiction essays

Federal and State Court Structures and Jurisdiction essays The federal courts and state courts differ in the structure, jurisdiction, and types of cases brought into the court. The basis of the Constitutional Law from an official document delineates powers for the federal law and state law that define the Federal Judicial System which derived from the U.S. Constitution, while the State Constitutional Law originated from the individual state Constitutions. The federal courts, the guardians of the Constitution, protect the rights and liberties of the Constitution. The federal courts interpret the law and apply the law to resolve disputes (U.S. Courts, 2002). Federal authority covers laws linked to patents, labor issues, pensions, and profit sharing. The state authority covers business association, contracts and trade secrets. Concurrent authority manages tax law, security law, and employment law (American Legal System, 2004). The Federal Judicial System consists of the United States Supreme Courts, Court of Appeals, District Courts, and Bankruptcy Courts. The federal judges once appointed remain there for life, except when congress observes treasons, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors and has the judge removed from office through impeachment. The Supreme Court comprised of the Chief Justice of the United States and eight Associate Justices listen to a limited amount of cases the court has been asked to decide. The Court of Appeals consists of ninety-four judicial districts structured into twelve regional districts and each regional district maintains a Court of Appeals. The District Courts and decisions of federal administration agencies allocate appeal cases to a Court of Appeals located in the same circuit. Furthermore, the Court of Appeals have nationwide jurisdiction for the federal circuit in specialized cases that involve litigations determined in the Court of International Trade, Cour t of Federal Claims, and patent laws. The District Courts and Trail Courts have jurisdicti...

Even Grammar Gurus Make Mistakes

Even Grammar Gurus Make Mistakes Even Grammar Gurus Make Mistakes Even Grammar Gurus Make Mistakes By Mark Nichol I’ve noticed that I’ve been overlooking more mistakes in these posts recently or perhaps it’s just that I haven’t been making fewer errors as I go along, as I would have expected after six months’ worth of almost daily submissions. Thanks to astute site visitors who (usually) politely point out typographical errors, I note that occasionally I type the wrong form of a word (necessary instead of necessarily, for example), or that, when I provide a sample sentence with an error and then provide an annotated correction, sometimes I forget to actually correct the sentence. (Does that jive I mean, jibe with your observation?) I’d like to be able to tell you, â€Å"I meant to do that I just wanted to see if anybody was paying attention,† but the truth is, I make mistakes. And, like most bloggers, I don’t have an editor to sweep up after me. And, as I’ve often said, especially to people unfamiliar with the professional publishing world’s writing-editing-proofreading protocol, everybody needs an editor even editors. But before you send me your resume, note that we’re not hiring blogs are, by their nature, a more or less spontaneous medium of communication (though I try to review my work carefully), and, anyway, DailyWritingTips.com doesn’t have the resources to implement a more traditional editorial procedure (not yet, at least). I realize all too well that in my advisory capacity, I have a responsibility to strive for rigorous flawlessness a nearly impossible task I will nonetheless continually attempt to accomplish, but I also thank you in arrears and in advance for your (good-natured, I hope) comments about each lapsus clavis. Speaking of slip-ups, there are mechanical errors, and there are errors of fact. I do not claim to be an unimpeachable authority on every topic I write about. But I have spent many years intensively acquiring a practical knowledge of language, and by teaching editing (which I used to do), writing about composition (which I do now), and researching language usage (which I have always done), I have learned and processed much about writing and editing. In this forum, I welcome the opportunity to share that knowledge and insight with you, and in this forum, you are welcome and encouraged to respond in kind. Note this well, however: If you disagree with anything I write about writing, that’s your prerogative. But don’t rely on your assumptions or your education. (Those influences often coalesce imperfectly, and educators make mistakes, too.) The best way to learn is to consult multiple sources and develop your own understanding at a point where those sources intersect and note that I didn’t refer to a fixed point. I endeavor to be consistent yet flexible, and I heartily recommend that attitude to all. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Comparative Forms of Adjectives34 Writing Tips That Will Make You a Better WriterTypes of Plots

Participative Management versus Authoritarian Management Essay

Participative Management versus Authoritarian Management - Essay Example Management style is characterised by the degree of empowerment of team members, his focusing either on people or tasks, etc. The correct and appropriate management style is able to yield very good results. Management style is in many aspects the product of individual personal traits of the manager; however this does not mean there are no other components influencing it. These components constitute subjective part of the management style, yet it always has a common objective basis. Objectively, whichever management style is chosen by the manager, this choice is determined by the goal, the team and the situation. A lot of management theories have been developed during the decades of studying the very phenomenon of managing people. Some of these theories singled out, among others, authoritative and participative management styles which were often contrasted to each other. For example, Likert’s System 4 theory of management named four broad management styles which were â€Å"forming a continuum, with autocratic, task-centered leadership at one end and democratic, participative, employee-centered at the other†. (Morris&Pavett 1992, 169) W. Schneider identified four types of orgnisational cultures (control, collaboration, competence, and cultivation) (cited from: Schulz, J.W., Hauck, L.C.& Hauck, R.M. 2001, 2), and each of them presupposes the prevalence of particular management style. Authoritative managers are characteristic for control cultures with their order, predictability and conservatism and participative managers often can be found in the companies with collaboration culture that treasure the quality of relationships and aim to build highly cohesive teams with hight participation in running the company. Forecasting a manager’s effectiveness is much more difficult than e.g. determining personal traits that are the most characteristic for the leaders. Situational factors were eventually taken into

Comparing and Contrasting Literary Forms Assignment

Comparing and Contrasting Literary Forms - Assignment Example Such an effect is achieved by play inference. The writer can adequately describe the scene and deftly introduce a mood. Poetry, drama, and short story are literature constituents, but they bear some identical differences. Dialogue accommodates extensive dialogue, which can be either non-fiction or fiction, a short story narrates brief experiences that are non-fiction while poetry can be either nonfiction or fiction and may rhyme (Cuddon & Habib, 2013). Poetry, drama, and short stories have a setting. The setting is a fictional work of establishing a geographic, physical, and historical context (Cuddon & Habib, 2013). Setting adds attitude to poetry, drama, or short story, and a good example of attitude is the change attitudes towards women. Myth, symbol, and allegory are other features shared by drama, short stories, and poetry. Allegory is use of two meanings that are parallel in the story where one is literal while the other one is figurative (Meyer, 2004). Allegory serves the purpose of deepening the meaning in writing and to teach a lesson. A myth reflects social or religious values often involving heroes or a god. A symbol acts as a representative of an association or a relationship. The tool of foreshadow is used in poetry, short stories and drama. Foreshadow gives the audience a hint of future happenings. In poetry, foreshadow can be captured as early as the poem title to shed some light to the reader of what the poem entails. Mood is also extensively utilized in all these three literature works to aid in conveying the theme (Meyer, 2004). Conflict is also common in short stories, drama, and poems. It denotes a struggle between forces that oppose each other. A conflict can be expressed as an internal conflict within an individual or between characters (Cuddon & Habib, 2013). It helps build the element of suspense as scenes unfurl in the

The Federal Reserve Bank Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Federal Reserve Bank - Essay Example It was established in the year 1791 with its charter signed by George Washington. The bank used to perform all the major banking functions. After the expiry of the charter 20 years hence, country was without a central bank for few years resulting into inflation. Again a second bank came into existence in 1816 with a charter signed by James Madison. In 1833 again the charter expired and United States went without a central bank for 40 years. In 1873, gold was standardized into bimetallic standard. Then a private set up by the name of JPMorgan came into existence who was the lender of the last resort for the banks who are facing crisis. Federal Reserve Act of December 23, 1913 created the Federal Reserve System. A new central bank was established which would act as the lender of the last resort to banks facing crisis, assured the investors not to disinvest their money. Federal Reserve Bank was opened in 1914. Federal Reserve notes were provided by the Congress so that the currency supp ly in the economy remains flexible. The Federal Reserve System is the independent agency, that exists outside the Cabinet of the executive and its powers are derived from congress. Fed has acquired power over the past century and has played a strict role in supervising the banks in US and the legal status of the Federal Reserve Bank is that they are independent and controlled corporation. Purpose of Federal Reserve Bank Federal Reserve Bank is the central banking system in USA. Major purpose of the bank is to support the favorable economic conditions which will help to stabilize the monetary policy of USA. This factor includes price stabilization, money supply, acquisition of credit and increase in overall growth and employment. As a central bank it also needs to monitor and supervise the operations of other commercial banks to make sure the safety and security and to protect the interest of the customers. It also maintains the strength of financial system to mitigate the risk of fi nancial markets. The most important purpose of Federal Reserve is controlling inflation and employment opportunities in United States. It also helps the US govt. and other financial institutions in US in their operations. Other important purposes of Federal Reserve are to solve the problem of other banks in order to balance the interest of banks and responsibilities of the govt. Maintaining money supply in the nation to prevent unemployment and to maximize the utilization of resources which will help to control inflation or deflation. Financial stability is also a look out of Federal Reserve Bank and as a central bank it has to meet the liquidity needs among regions. The structure of Federal Reserve Bank Federal Reserve System is divided into two parts:- a centralized authority which is known as board of governors in Washington and the second part is decentralization of 12 Fed banks which is located in 12 districts in the country. Monetary policy of USA is set by the Federal Open Ma rket Committee and it includes the board of governors and presidents of the bank. The structure includes:- Board of governors:- it is an independent lawmaking agency which governs and look out the whole federal reserve system. Board of governors is the central main structure of Federal Reserve in Washington, D.C. It includes seven board members and other staffs and

Week 8 DQ 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 8 DQ 2 - Essay Example Federal Court judges are appointed for life. This poses a problem for majority rule, for American democracy. However, perhaps, they actually protect the rights of minorities and thus have the kind of open system that causes democracy to flourish (Edwards, et al, 2008). The federal courts are also quite powerful and have a large scope of judicial power in American society. Many argue that they should not be involved in policy making but in settling disputes. The United States judicial system is basically adversarial in that opposing civil law cases are presented to an arbiter. It consists of statutes and common law, the latter an accumulation of judicial decisions (ibid.) In the Judiciary Act of 1789, Congress established constitutional courts and subsequently legislative courts for specialized purposes. Courts with original jurisdiction are those where a case is first heard whereas appellate courts can review the legal issues in cases brought to

The Great Moderation Money and Banking in output Essay

The Great Moderation Money and Banking in output - Essay Example The 'Great Moderation' in Output and Employment Volatility: An Update, by Evan F. Koenig and Nicole Ball , Economic Letter, FRB Dalla: Volatility can wreak havoc on economie. udden, harp up and down in buine activity can make it difficult for conumer to plan their pending, worker to feel ecure in their job and companie to determine their future invetment. Becaue of their impact on expectation and buine and conumer confidence, wing in the economy can become elf-reinforcing. Volatility can alo pill over into real and financial aet market, where evere price movement can produce eemingly arbitrary reditribution of wealth. It' good new, then, that the U.. economy ha become much more table. On average, the five receion from 1959 to 1983 were 47 month apart, lingered 12 month and were aociated with a 2.17 percent peak-to-trough decline in real gro dometic product. By contrat, the 1990 downturn came after 92 month of expanion, lated eight month and involved a 1.26 percent decline in GDP. The 2001 lump ended a record 120 month of uninterrupted growth, lated eight month and entailed a GDP decline of only 0.35 percent. ... depoit interet rate, broader acce to credit market through financial innovation like home equity loan, tighter inventory control facilitated by technology, and the globalization of output and labor market. By improved monetary policy, analyt typically have in mind central bank action that repond more quickly and forcefully to emerging inflation preure, o that medium- to long-term price expectation remain contained. Bernanke' approach to looking at the variou reaon for low long-term rate i more rational and reaonable than any I've een in the dozen of article and paper I've read on the yield curve. There wa one point I did diagree with, however. Bernanke aid, "I have argued elewhere that improved policie, which tabilized inflation and better anchored inflation expectation, are an important reaon for thi poitive development; no doubt, tructural change in the economy uch a deregulation, improved inventory control method, and better rik-haring in the financial market alo contributed." I think it hould be the other way around and read like thi, "tructural change in the economy uch a deregulation, improved inventory control method, and better rik-haring in the financial market, which tabilized inflation and better anchored inflation expectation, are an important reaon for thi poitive development; no doubt, improved policie alo contributed. He' referring to the "Great Moderation" in which volatility in the GDP and inflation ha declined. By improved policie he' talking about the monetary policy. o he' giving the Fed the credit for getting the economy under control. He' dead wrong on that point and I hope he come to hi ene and realize the truth on thi very important matter. The Fed, whether they realize it or not, ha more o been driven by economic factor, than been a driver of

SLP 4 Electronic and Mobile Commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SLP 4 Electronic and Mobile Commerce - Essay Example The use of traditional chains of distribution has declined with rise of online retail industry. Manufacturers sell their spare parts, and off shelf industrial products through the online channels. However the major goods sold by industries through online channels as their primary sales channels. Companies have to show different prices, build to order option, enable live charts with engineers in case of configuration problems and accept purchase orders and bill to the corporate account. Interconnection of global digital platform has led to astonishing change in the entertainment, media and publishing industry. From books and printed papers, music on CDs, movies rented on DVD and TVs network that forced people to be in front of screen at particular times have changed into always on, easy to time –shift and always with you entertainment, movies, e-books, and music. Revenue is generated through outright purchase e.g. music or purchase of movie theater ticket (Mennecke & Strader, 2002). Second is often subscription e.g. cable TV fees. Next is through advertising fees. Companies pay a lot of money for global advertisement of their business. For example in 2013 global advertising media revenue were estimated to be $489.6 billion. Consumers go to a variety of online and offline services to help them make decision in car buying since most of industries fail to satisfy their needs. The buying process can be simpler and quicker if content on the auto industry in the website is customized to be more relevant to their specific car preferences. This can be achieved through innovation on web chats and mobile enabled websites (Xu & Quaddus, 2010). To reach to more customers the manufacturers and dealer sites should integrate and put in place easier and clearer pricing. Also the company should offer after sale services e.g. maintenance. Growth of internet has led to development of online and mobile banking. This has grown across deep and wide demographic

The Great Moderation Money and Banking in output Essay

The Great Moderation Money and Banking in output - Essay Example The 'Great Moderation' in Output and Employment Volatility: An Update, by Evan F. Koenig and Nicole Ball , Economic Letter, FRB Dalla: Volatility can wreak havoc on economie. udden, harp up and down in buine activity can make it difficult for conumer to plan their pending, worker to feel ecure in their job and companie to determine their future invetment. Becaue of their impact on expectation and buine and conumer confidence, wing in the economy can become elf-reinforcing. Volatility can alo pill over into real and financial aet market, where evere price movement can produce eemingly arbitrary reditribution of wealth. It' good new, then, that the U.. economy ha become much more table. On average, the five receion from 1959 to 1983 were 47 month apart, lingered 12 month and were aociated with a 2.17 percent peak-to-trough decline in real gro dometic product. By contrat, the 1990 downturn came after 92 month of expanion, lated eight month and involved a 1.26 percent decline in GDP. The 2001 lump ended a record 120 month of uninterrupted growth, lated eight month and entailed a GDP decline of only 0.35 percent. ... depoit interet rate, broader acce to credit market through financial innovation like home equity loan, tighter inventory control facilitated by technology, and the globalization of output and labor market. By improved monetary policy, analyt typically have in mind central bank action that repond more quickly and forcefully to emerging inflation preure, o that medium- to long-term price expectation remain contained. Bernanke' approach to looking at the variou reaon for low long-term rate i more rational and reaonable than any I've een in the dozen of article and paper I've read on the yield curve. There wa one point I did diagree with, however. Bernanke aid, "I have argued elewhere that improved policie, which tabilized inflation and better anchored inflation expectation, are an important reaon for thi poitive development; no doubt, tructural change in the economy uch a deregulation, improved inventory control method, and better rik-haring in the financial market alo contributed." I think it hould be the other way around and read like thi, "tructural change in the economy uch a deregulation, improved inventory control method, and better rik-haring in the financial market, which tabilized inflation and better anchored inflation expectation, are an important reaon for thi poitive development; no doubt, improved policie alo contributed. He' referring to the "Great Moderation" in which volatility in the GDP and inflation ha declined. By improved policie he' talking about the monetary policy. o he' giving the Fed the credit for getting the economy under control. He' dead wrong on that point and I hope he come to hi ene and realize the truth on thi very important matter. The Fed, whether they realize it or not, ha more o been driven by economic factor, than been a driver of

SQL Server Column Level Encryption Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SQL Server Column Level Encryption - Case Study Example Even though firms try to encrypt data with various methods and keys, it has been noted that these companies are exposed to two major categories of threats (Jayanty, 2011). Chiefly, restricting access to sensitive information is a basic protective approach to the firm’s data. However, considering that cyber-attacks comprise a major threat to business and research firms, it is observed that access restriction is not enough. Consequently, encrypted data and restricted access to sensitive information suffer from the possible virus attack that can destroy the data rather than expose it. With this in mind, ABC Institute of Research and XYZ Inc. are vulnerable to losing data or having their research finding on genetics expose to their rivals. For this reason, column-level encryption using symmetric keys (Aqarwal, 2011). Under the circumstances defined above, when encrypting data, it is important to note that data can be accessed in two ways. Firstly, sensitive data is stored in forms of memory and anyone can have access to these memory devices. Secondly, sensitive data can be acquired from its storage device for access to another device. As a result, data encryption should ensure that once an unauthorized personnel is able to get to the data, access to that data is not discernable using a simple query. Ordinarily, ABC and XYZ would store their research findings in various columns that comprise of genetic patterns, associations, links, and procedures of deciphering various DNA codes that all need to be encrypted. Using the SQL Server Symmetric key encryption, the SQL Server allows the encryption hierarchy that needs to be followed to the latter. Forthwith, the hierarchy allows the creation of a master key for the SQL Server which provides the first step of encrypting the database using a password.  

Hitler And National Socialism In Germany Essay Example for Free

Hitler And National Socialism In Germany Essay Adolf Hitler was born in 1889 at Braunau an Inn on the Austrian side of the border with Germany. In 1913 he left Vienna for Munich and in August 1914 he joined a Bavarian infantry battalion and spent the next four years of the First World War on the western front, where he was promoted to the rank of corporal and generally served with distinction. At the end of the war, amid considerable revolutionary fervour in Germany, he returned to Munich and joined the German Workers Party, a counter-revolutionary movement dedicated to the principles of German national socialism, as opposed to Jewish Marxism or Russian Bolshevism. In February 1920 the party took the name National Socialist German Workers Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, NSDAP, Nazi for short) and set out its 25- point party programme. The name at the bottom of the document is not Hitlers that of Anton Drexler, who set up the German Workers Party in Munich. Although Hitler had only been a member of the party for a year, the twenty-five points reveal the influence of his ideas. The programme contained many of the policies that became associated with the Nazis when they gained power constitutionally in 1933. In November 1923 Hitler entered Landsberg prison; he remained there until his release in December 1924. To all practical intents and purposes his party had ceased to exist and it was perhaps as well for the fuehrer that he had to withdraw from all political activity, for the general climate was not propitious. Inflation had come to an end, and after experiencing some severe shocks in her domestic and foreign affairs, Germany entered a period of relative calm and stability. For the time being, at any rate, this reduced the appeal that the extremist movements of both right and left had for the public. Stability was not to last and in retrospect the mid-twenties appear to have provide the Nazis with the necessary interlude in which to prepare themselves for the great onslaught on the Weimar Republic which too place towards the end of the decade. Hitlers stay in prison, almost as merry and certainly as comfortable as that described in Johann Strauss famous operetta, provided him with a welcome opportunity to put some of his ideas in writing, thus giving National Socialism a doctrine of sorts. On foreign policy in particular National Socialism had been rather weak, frequently contradictory; Hitler must have felt an urgent need to give his movement some guidance in this field when, in 1926, he wrote the sections on a future German policy in the last part of Mein Kampf, and when, in 1928, he dictated his second book entirely devoted to foreign political questions, destined not to appear in print in his lifetime. In these writings Hitlers views about Russia and Bolshevism were systematically developed for the first and last time; essentially, they did not undergo any major change throughout the rest of his life. Hitler and National Socialism in Germany While Hitler was in prison the leaderless National Socialist movement split into several factions. Some Bavarian Nazis decided to follow a more radical left-wing line, mainly in order to attract Communists; there was some vague idea of a division of labour between the extremes. You hang the Jews, well hang the other capitalists, some Communists are alleged to have replied. But since this demagoguery alienated the lower middle class, which was, after all, the backbone of Nazism, the political line eventually was changed, and Communism again became a dangerous enemy. In the west of Germany, there was but little hope of attracting workers with the anti-leftist slogans that had been successful in Munich before 1923. The brothers Gregor and Otto Strasser, as well as young Dr Goebbels, who built up the Nazi Party in west Germany, decided on a much more radical approach, and one which led to open conflict within the Nazi movement and eventually to a showdown. In October 1932, when the economic crisis in the West had reached its peak, the official organ of the Nazis declared: The five year plan has ceased to be a theory. It has become a reality, a hateful, but one that must be taken into account. The relative success of the plan made a deep impression in these circles; its cost and the many unnecessary victims it demanded did not worry the Nazis; on the contrary, the Gewaltmensch Stalin became for some of them almost an attractive figure. Yet it did not make them more friendly disposed towards Communism. They stressed in their propaganda now that the Soviet menace in the East had grown and that only a National Socialist Germany could successfully withstand the Bolshevik tide. National Socialism, they said, would defend Germany not for capitalism, which was bankrupt- it was certainly not worth while to shed ones blood for this. Germany would be saved only by an idea, a new organic social order- namely, National Socialism. In 1945 German historians were confronted with a completely new challenge. The defeat of National Socialist Germany in the Second World War not meant the Germans had lost the war but now also had to face being held accountable for political crimes of previously inconceivable proportions. American historians explain this after 1945 with a politically undesirable development in Germany that is supposed to have reached from Luther to Hitler; the rise and fall of the Third Reich was thus merely the inevitable end thereof. The two leading German historians of the immediate postwar period, Friedrich Meinecke and Gerhard Ritter, both having distanced themselves considerably from the Third Reich, believed the entire tradition of the German national state to be in great danger. In 1946 Meinecke therefore tried to represent the Third Reich as the German catastrophe, for which he held the National Socialism and its demonic leader Hitler responsible. Ritter even claimed in 1948 that National Socialism was not a specifically German phenomenon, but had instead been caused by the crisis in European democracy in the twentieth century. Both failed to include National Socialism in the continuity of German history, but instead chose to interpret it as a historical break with tradition. After the erection of the Berlin Wall, and the subsequent crisis in the Federal Republic of Germany, this form of dealing with Germanys past was radically challenged. Fritz Fischers book on Germanys grip for world power in the First World War showed that even the imperial government, led by Wilhelm II had followed an expansive imperialist policy- by no means was Hitler the first to do so. The continuity of German politics in the twentieth century, which most of the West German historians had vehemently denied, was thus once again on the scholarly agenda. This led to the first big Historikerstreit in the mid-1960s in the Federal Republic of Germany, who by those who believed a degree of continuity from imperialist to National Socialist Germany existed. In particular, the development of National Socialism was seen as the result of a historical singular path (Sonderweg), which only German society had followed in 1871, when the Reich was founded. The central argument of this interpretation of National Socialism consists in blaming the continued existence of pre-industrial and authoritarian societal structures for the lack of drastic modernisation in Germany. Without a successful bourgeois revolution, Germany was thus helpless when faced with the attack of authoritarian- oriented political forces. Seen from this point of view, National Socialism thus appears as the result of the opposition of national-conservative elite against the societal process of transformation in Germany that had been gathering momentum since 1919. In order to support this interpretation, less focus was placed on German politics since 1919 and more on German society during the Empire. It was National Socialism, not the Hitler Youth, that made such a powerful appeal to young Germans, above all by its activist character. In vivid contrast to the interminable discussions of the Biinde, elaborating ideals that were to be realized in some indefinite future, Hitler affirmed that the hour had already struck; the day of national salvation had arrived. The Biinde had wanted their members to understand that all the different aspects and facets of the political problem had to be studied, each from its own angle, before a political judgement could be valid and comprehensive. Commendable in itself, this relativistic approach was also their weakness, and made them an easier prey to the fanaticism and one-sidedness of National Socialism. While the Biinde were talking about sacrifice, their rivals were demanding, and getting, immediate action. Facing the rising tide of National Socialism, more and more of the biinische youth feared that history would pass them by, and felt incapable of remaining inactive. The cry for political engagement awakened a profound response in such a period of disarray and desperation. It must be remembered that the middle classes were hardly less seriously hit by unemployment than the working class; every thing seemed undermined by the general economic decline and the spectre of academic and white-collared poverty was becoming a grim reality. Choosing Hitler was not an act of political decision, not the choice of a known programme or ideology; it was simply joining a quasi-religious mass movement as an act of faith. Rational misgivings about the relevance of Hitlers professions of the solution of Germanys real problems cannot have been entirely absent from the minds of many, but they were perfectly willing to surrender their own critical judgment. It meant abandoning democracy and freedom as impotent and discredited ideas and trusting the Fiihrer, who would know best what to do.

An Analysis of Hiltons Lost Horizon Essays -- Lost Horizon Essays

An Analysis of Hilton's Lost Horizon      Ã‚   "...the horizon lifted like a curtain; time expanded and space contracted" In James Hilton's Lost Horizon, the reader is promptly enticed to trek along with Hugh Conway and the three other kidnapped passengers, Charles Mallinson, Miss Brinklow, and Henry Barnard. Hilton commences his novel by utilizing the literary technique of a frame. At a dinner meeting, friends share their insights into life, and eventually, from a neurologist, and friend of Conway, evolves the story of Conway's exotic adventures. Apparently, Conway and the other three characters were on a plane that was hijacked by a member of the mystic civilization of Shangri-La. After crashing in the midst of nowhere, Conway led his group out of the plane and as they began to search for help, Chang and a group of Shangri-La men intercepted them and escorted them back to their lamasery. Eventually they realize they are not permitted to leave its boundaries, as the proviso of entering the Valley of the Blue Moon, Shangri-La, is that one cannot leave. Weeks pass, and the kidnapped crew, with the exception of Mallinson, become accustomed to the Shangri-La way of life, namely moderation, as well as spiritual and intellectual growth. Conway, able to decipher numerous languages including Chinese was able to decode their "gibberish" and get a better idea what was going on. Eventually, through the telepathy of the ethereal High Lama, also the founder of the civilization (some two hundreds years previous), calls Conway to a meeting. Hilton's "mini" climaxes, keep the reader compelled as he reveals more and more about this enigmatic place. As the novel continues, Conway is enlightened with the "inside scoop," and soon enough... ...ut it, "Things happen to you and you just let them happen." The most prominent concept of the novel and the community of the Valley of the Blue Moon (Shangri-La) was the "time stands still" enigma. To live over a hundred years is quite a feat, but in this civilization it was the norm. In Shangri-La, when you reached a hundred years of age you were "promoted" to lamahood. They figured that by the time you were a hundred all the "passions and moods of ordinary life are likely to have disappeared," and then you'd be able to search for that inner meaning of life. The paradoxes of life and death, and the question everyone ponders, Why?    Works Cited and Consulted Bellamy, Edward.   Looking Backward.   New York: New American Library, 1982. Hilton, James.   Lost Horizon.   New York: Pocket Books, 1984. Voltaire. Candide. London: Penguin Books; 1947.